Knee pain

Knee Pain

Knee pain is quite common and some of us will experience knee pain in our life. Most people who get knee pain will greatly recover despite some recurrences. For a small group of people it may become persistent (lasting beyond 6-12 weeks) and can disrupt many aspects of a person’s life. Even if the pain is very bad, it is very rare for knee pain to be a sign of something serious.

What are the symptoms?

Most people experience knee pain in one or both of their knees, but may also feel it up their thigh, or down into their calf. Persistent knee pain is typically knee pain that has been going on for longer than 12 weeks.

Knee pain may limit your willingness or ability to do certain activities, movements, or tasks. For some people this may affect their work, sleep, and social activities as well. These limitations often lead to people experiencing low mood, anxiety, and depression.

What are the causes?

Knee pain can appear with no clear trigger, or some people can describe a movement that started the symptoms. This may be sports injury or a fall, but it can also be a simple movement we do a lot, usually with no issues, like going up stairs, or sometimes just waking up with it.

The knee has lots of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves that might be involved in a pain episode. These structures can heal and repair if they have been injured or inflamed. It is not essential to identify the structures involved, as this will not usually change the advice you are given.

It can often be contributed by a combination of the factors below:

• Being inactive
• Doing too much
• Doing activities that we are not fit or strong enough for
• Being overweight or obese
• Poor fitness levels
• High stress levels
• Low mood
• Poor sleep
• Smoking

The good news is that many of these things can be modified as part of an effective treatment plan.

For more information to help support your general health and well-being, please click here to access our "Healthy You" page. This includes information on exercise, mental health, smoking and weight management.

How long will it last?

In many cases, with some simple advice, keeping active, and some lifestyle modifications, you may see a good improvement within 2-12 weeks. For some – pain can persist much longer because people adapt and cope in different ways. It important to know that for some people, life-long self-management is needed.

What can I do to help myself?

What else can I do?

Look to gradually increase what you can tolerate in terms of movement, activity, and exercises you can manage. Below you will find some resources/exercises to get you started with regards to your knee pain. Start with the easiest and gradually work through them over time.

Knee pain exercises - EASY

Knee pain exercises - MODERATE

Knee pain exercises - ADVANCED 

You may prefer to increase your activity levels in other ways, such as simply walking, swimming, or joining an exercise class like Pilates, Thai chi, aquafit, or yoga.

The important thing is you find something you enjoy doing that you can do regularly to stay active.

Do I need an x-ray or a scan?

In most cases, no. A good history and physical examination of your knee alone provides enough information to diagnose your problem. Scans and x-rays are not always useful for diagnosing pain. While a scan or x-ray may provide information it rarely alters the treatment plan. 

Imaging findings are very poorly linked with pain and often people with no pain have very similar findings on their scans/x-rays to those that do. X-rays and scans can help for a small number of people in certain situations and will be recommended by a healthcare professional if required.

What about a steroid injection?

A steroid injection may be considered to help control the pain in some circumstances. The risks and benefits would be discussed with your Physiotherapist or GP and is not always an appropriate option for all patients.